This is a list of subjects for MBBS in Pakistan divided by Profs (professional examination)

Note: MB BS (bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Surgery) is a 5 year course consisting of 4 profs. 1st prof is divided in 2 years, hence making it 5 year in total in Pakistan.

MBBS Subjects in Pakistan

Subject for 1st and 2nd year MBBS in Pakistan (1st prof):

1. Anatomy
   • Clinical Anatomy
   • Embryology
   • Histology
2. Physiology
3. Biochemistry

Subject for 3rd year MBBS in Pakistan (2nd prof):

1. General Pathology
2. Pharmacology
3. Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Subject for  4th year MBBS in Pakistan (3rd prof):

1. Special Pathology
2. Community Medicine
3. Eye
4. ENT

Subject for  5th / final year MBBS in Pakistan (4rd prof):

1. Surgery
   • General Surgery
   • Orthopedics
   • Radiology
   • Anesthesiology
2. Medicine
   • General Medicine
   • Psychiatry
   • Dermatology
3. Pediatrics
4. Gynecology & Obstetrics

Please note, that in Pakistan mbbs is typically divided in to 5 years but 4 profs. First prof is divided into part one and part two, completing in two years, and then all other prof’s take 1 year each. After 5 years (4 profs) are complete, they are awarded the mbbs degree and they can start their house job (internship).

Some universities of Pakistan has already started to shift from annual system to semester and modular system. Also, some universities have started integrated study system, in which students learn relevant topics from almost all the subjects every year.

However, here I will enlist the classical pattern of dividing subjects in annual divisions for mbbs, the classical way! Please note, this list only lists the names of subjects that students have to appear in exams for, universities start teaching various subjects earlier too (medicine starting in 3rd year for example!)

Subjects for 1st and 2nd year mbbs

1. Anatomy
   1. histology
   2. embryology
   3. clinical anatomy
2. Physiology
3. Biochemistry

Subjects for 3rd year mbbs

1. General Pathology and microbiology
2. Pharmacology
3. Forensic medicine and toxicology

Subjects for 4th year mbbs

1. Special Pathology
2. ENT
3. Eye
4. Community medicine

Subjects for 5th / final year mbbs

1. Medicine
   1. general medicine
   2. skin
   3. psychiatry
2. Surgery
   1. general surgery
   2. orthopedics
   3. radiology
3. Gynecology and obstetrics
4. Pediatrics

what to eat if you need more blood?

So the instant reply was:

drink, blood

Na! anyway . . . jokes apart, so what to eat in case you need more blood (inside body only) Well you need two types of things for iron / blood replenishment :

1. Diet

Apples, apple juice or as a whole

Green leafy vegetables, e.g. spinach.

2. Supplements

Ferrous sulphate tablets

Folic acid supplements

3. Treat the cause of blood deficiency

Treat the underlying cause of iron deficiency or cause of blood loss if any.

Indications of use of Photonic Shampoo

Photonic shampoo is a medical shampoo for various medical conditions like:

• Mild to severe dandruff
• Seborrhoeic dermatitis
• Flaking, scalin, itching and pruritis, associated with dandruff
• Pityriasis Versicolor
• Pityriasis capitus
• Tinea capitus
• Prophylaxis of dandruff and Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Photonic shampoo is also suitable for hair dye users as it does not alter dye color.

Composition of Photonic Shampoo

• Shampoo base with conditioner
• Zinc pyrithion

How to Use Photonic Shampoo:

• Wet hair thoroughly and apply Photonic Anti-Dandruff Shampoo on wet scalp or other affected areas of the skin to produce adequate lather.
• Leave for 3-5 minutes and then rinse with clean water thoroughly
• You can use Photonic Anti-Dandruff shampoo once daily.

Photonic Shampoo Manufacturer:

PharmaHealth Pakistan (Pvt) Limited in scientific collaboration with  Pharma health (UK) Limited.

A – Tricyclics

1. Neutral: Imipramine, Dothiepin
2. Sedative: Amitriptyline, Trimipramine, Doxepin
3. Stimulant: Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline, Mianserin

B – heterocyclics

Amoxapine, Maprotiline, Trazodone, Bupropion, Venlafaxine

C – Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

1. Hydrazide derivatives: Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid
2. Non-hydrazide derivatives: Tranylcypromine, Moclobemide

D – Sympathomimetic Stimulants

Dextroamphetamine, Methylamphetamine, Methylphenidate

E – Selective Serotonini Reuptake Inhibitors

Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertaline.

Rebound tenderness is commonly done as part of physical examination of a patient of appendicitis. Rebound tenderness is also named positive Blumberg’s sign.

While reading about appendicitis on wikipedia.com i found out that the definition of Blumberg’s sign is given wrong over there. According to wikipedia (on 7th May, 2010) Blumberg’s sign due to inflammed vermiform appendix is:

Palpation of the left iliac fossa, followed by sudden release causes contralateral (right iliac fossa) rebound tenderness.

Which is obviously not so. It is even technically incorrect as rebound phenomenon occurs on the ipsilateral side and not the contralateral.I have submitted the correction in the wikipedia article regarding Blumberg’s sign mistake. Hopefully they will approve it.

The positive blumberg’s sign or rebound tenderness is indicative of peritonitis (inflammation of peritoneum).

The differences presented here are not to declare any of them to be superior or inferior. They are just meant to understand the difference between the male and female brain because understanding the differences is important to avoid conflicts and improve the productivity. Both male and females have specific role in the world and thus their brain have been made by Allah accordingly.

During gestation, every brain starts as same (female) brain but after 8 weeks of conception, when testosterone secretion increases in male foetus, the brain starts to differentiate from a female brain.

The list never completes. Feel free to comment / correct or add to the provided list.